Jan Sobieski: The King Who Saved Europe

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Overy, Richard (2014). A History of War in 100 Battles. Oxford University Press. p.58. ISBN 978-0199390717. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) In the last years of his life, from 1691 until his death in 1696, Sobieski was often seriously ill and had to face quarrels with the nobles and within his own family. His eldest son, James, was bitterly opposed to the queen and the younger princes. All of Sobieski’s sons were interested in succeeding to the throne and tried to obtain help, either from the emperor or from France. The marriage of Sobieski’s daughter Kunegunda to Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria (1694), was the only bright spot in these rather gloomy years.

Hitchens, Christopher (3 October 2001). "Why the suicide killers chose September 11". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . Retrieved 8 November 2023. A truly good bagel, wrote one critic, should be "a fairly small, dense, gray, cool and chewy delight that gave jaw muscles a Sunday morning workout," not the pillowy monstrosities now preferred by "a public too lazy to chew." On 31 March, another declaration–sent by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha on behalf of Mehmet IV–arrived at the Imperial Court in Vienna. The next day the forward march of Ottoman army elements began from Edirne in Rumelia. Ottoman troops reached Belgrade by early May. They were joined by a Transylvanian army under Prince Mihaly Apafi and a Hungarian force under Imre Thököly; they laid siege to Győr and the remaining army of 150,000 moved toward the city of Vienna. [20] :660 About 40,000 Crimean Tatar troops arrived 40 kilometres (25mi) east of Vienna on 7 July, [20] :660 twice as many as the Imperial troops in the area. Emperor Leopold fled Vienna for Passau with his court and 60,000 Viennese, while Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, withdrew his force of 20,000 towards Linz. [26] [20] :660 The main Ottoman army arrived at Vienna on 14 July; the city's only defense force was now that of Count Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg's 15,000 men. [20] :660 Saxon engineer Georg Rimpler, who had been employed by the empire to prepare for war with the Turks, began to prepare Vienna for the upcoming siege – much of Austria's pre-war plans had calculated on fighting the Turks near the city of Győr, a plan made untenable by the Turkish advance. [27] [28] English: Sarcophagus with the heart of Jan III Sobieski in the Capuchin church in Warsaw". 15 May 2018.

a b "Participarea lui Șerban Cantacuzino la cel de-al Doilea Asediul Vienei". Historia (in Romanian). Kahraman Şakul. II. Viyana Kuşatması: Yedi Ejderin Fendi, Timaş Yayınları. İstanbul 2021. pp. 229–231. a b Şakul, Kahraman (2021). II. Vİyana Kuşatması Yedi Ejderin Fendi (in Turkish). İstanbul: Timas Publishing. p.391. ISBN 978-6050835663.

The whole Army Attributes the Glory of this Victory to God, and Us, and all the Princes of the Empire, with the Great Officers, as the Dukes of Bavaria and Lorrain, Prince Waldek, etc. were so far transported with my Valour and Success, that their Thanks and Praises were more Numerous, than was their Fears before; and Count Staremberg the Governour, Saluted me with the Title of his Mighty Deliverer. The Common People in my going to and from the Churches, pay'd their Veneration even to my very Garments, and made their Cry's and Acclamations reach the Sky, of Long Live the King of Poland. The charge of winged hussars started at 6 pm, while the battle started in the morning. Different historians counts the overall number of cavalry that took part in it as more or less 20000 of horses, what makes the charge of John III Sobieski the biggest cavalry charge in history. This way the mentioned 3000 were only the heaviest, frontal part of the charge, which was supported by other Polish, Austrian and Bavarian cavalry forces under the command of Polish king.

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F. L. Carsten (1961). The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 5, The Ascendancy of France, 1648–88. CUP Archive. p.564. ISBN 978-0-521-04544-5. a b c d Wojciech Skalmowski; Tatjana Soldatjenkova; Emmanuel Waegemans (2003). Liber amicorum. Peeters Publishers. p.165. ISBN 90-429-1298-7.

a b c Kenneth Meyer Setton (1991). Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. American Philosophical Society. pp. 266–269. ISBN 978-0-87169-192-7.Opposing them was a massive field of 200,000 Turkish warriors who had spent the previous couple generations perfecting the art of reducing enemy cities to rubble and plundering them with impunity. S milovanou Máriou Kazimírou, ním často nazývanou „Marysieńka“, sa zosobášil až po smrti Jana Zamoyského začiatkom mája roku 1665 (iba týždeň po smrti Zamoyského). 5. júla 1655 sa uskutočnil aj oficiálny svadobný obrad, ktorý celebroval pápežský nuncius Antonio Pignatelli (neskorší pápež Inocent XII.). Manželstvo bolo šťastné a Ján Sobieski mal niekoľko detí, z ktorých sa štyri dožili dospelosti (traja synovia a jedna dcéra). I am just now going to take Horse, and all my way for Two Hungarian Miles together, are so strew'd with the Carcasses of Men, Horses, and Camels, that the Stench of 'em would be insupportable to any but a Soldier. Kráľ zomrel po dlhotrvajúcej chorobe na srdcový záchvat dňa 17. júna 1696 v kráľovskom paláci vo Wilanówe, neďaleko od Varšavy (dnes už súčasť mesta), ktorý dal vybudovať. Jeho manželka Maria Kazimiera zomrela v roku 1716 v Blois vo Francúzsku. Obaja sú pochovaní v katedrále na Waweli v Krakove. Po Jánovi III. Sobieskom na trón nastúpil August II. Silný zo saského rodu Wettinovcov.